| abuse of personal data handling | |
| accountability for one's own actions | A person being legally responsible for his/her own actions by recognizing the consequences of the actions. A person lacking it is unable to connect consequences with his/her actions. |
| act under an assumed name | |
| adaptation rights | The modification of a work to create another, one, e.g. adapting a novel for film or modifying one for a different kind of exploitation. |
| adult | |
| affirmance of a contract | |
| age of majoritysynonym | The age (18) at which a person becomes an adult, as specified by state law, and acquires most of the rights and the responsibilities of adulthood. |
| agent | A person or entity authorised by a contract, real or quasi, to act on behalf of another. The authority can be express or ostensible. |
| application for patent protection | A request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for the invention described and claimed by the applicant. |
| artist | A person practicing various creative arts, including painting, sculpture, filmmaking, poetry, etc. |
| assumed name | |
| attorney | A person designated to act in one's place, instead of the person himself, in various capacities, situations or transactions. |
| attorney in factantonym | A natural person authorized by another to act in his or her place under a power of attorney. The attorney in fact does not necessarily have to be a lawyer. |
| author | A person who creates a literary or musical work, and thus, creates an "original work of authorship”. |
| bar association | The professional body of the practitioners of law in a certain jurisdiction. |
| beneficial contracts of service | |
| besmirching the memory of the dead | Although only living persons have inherent rights, the protection of reputation survives the person in question. If the memory of a deceased person is besmirched, his/her relatives or beneficiaries may take appropriate legal action. |
| board of trustees | The group of trustees where not only one trustee but a group is appointed to oversee financial matters of an organization |
| broadcasting | The distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via any audio or visual mass communications medium. |
| business association | An entity established for the purpose of doing business, registered as such under the relevant act of the state where they are registered. |
| business association without legal personality | |
| business entity | A term is used for entities that pursue regular business activity without being classified as a business association. |
| business secret | Information of a sensitive nature about the business of a company which the company has a legitimate interest in keeping such information confidential |
| capacity to marry | Persons must fulfil certain criteria to be validly married. The existence of an impediment to marriage will give rise to the invalidity of marriage. |
| cease and desist order | An official order directing a person violating the law to stop doing so |
| Certificate of Death | An official document issued by a medical practitioner in which the death of a person is legally determined. |
| chamber | An association comprising the principal players in a certain industry, usually organized on a geographical level. |
| charitable organization | Public or private organizations that pursue charitable, educational or other activities of public interest. |
| civic association | A legal entity organized for the promotion of the mutual and permanent benefit of its members as defined in its organizational document. |
| co-author | |
| competence | A legal term meaning that a person is either declared or by some act is rendered qualified to act with full legal responsibility. Such actions include standing at trial, testifying at court, etc. |
| computer program | Set of instructions which control the operations of a computer in order to enable it to perform specific task. |
| conception | The process of becoming pregnant through the successful joining of an egg and sperm, thus the creation of a being. |
| conservator | A person appointed by a judge to oversee the affairs of a person who is, for whatever reason, legally incompetent or incapacitated. |
| consortium | A group of companies that join or associate in an enterprise to implement a project |
| cooperative | An autonomous entity formed by private individuals for promoting their mutual cultural, educational, social or health related interests. |
| copyright | Exclusive rights granted to the author of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. |
| copyright assignment contract | |
| copyright holder | A person who reserves the exclusive right to a product of authorship, including the right to copy, distribute, adapt or present such work. |
| copyright infringement | Using a publication without the authorisation of the copyright holder. |
| corporation | An American term for the form of business organization owned by shareholders, who are liable to the extent of the value of their shares. |
| cultural association | An association established to perform certain functions in a specific cultural area to accomplish the common goals of its membership. |
| data controlling | |
| declaration | In civil law is it understood to be a statement under the penalty of perjury. |
| declaration to be dead | |
| declaring a person to be missing | |
| defamation | The communication of a statement that may give someone a negative image. |
| defamation of character | An injury to reputation occurs if a person makes disparaging assertions, either written or oral, which are untrue, or spread groundless rumours or put certain facts in a false light. Corrections in the press is a special type of remedy in such cases. The person accused of defamation may be subject to criminal prosecution or face civil action for damages. |
| design patent | The protection for visual design of objects, including the shape, configuration or composition of pattern or colour or combination thereof in three dimensions with aesthetic value. |
| diminished capacity | The status of persons whose legal capacity is limited due to minority or mental problems |
| diminished or inadequate capacity | |
| disappearance | When no one knows where someone can be found |
| distinctive mark | |
| distribution | The selling of various kinds of storage media where the content displays intellectual property of the author. |
| drawingsynonym | A technical document prepared in preparation for a new structure. Parts of the patent application referring to technical drawings that illustrate the invention. They are not an obligatory part of the application but can be useful. |
| economic rightsantonym | |
| elimination of the infringing material by the infringer | The person whose rights have been infringed may demand the termination of the infringement and that the condition existing before the infringement be fully restored at the cost of the infringer, or possibly the destruction of the cause of the infringement, or the elimination of the infringing content, or any reference within the body of the publication. |
| entity created by statute | |
| entity with personal rights granted by national law | |
| entity without legal personality | An entity which is not recognized by law as a legal person. Practically, their property cannot be distinguished from those of the owners. |
| European Company | A form of public company, also called a Societal European (SE), established pursuant to and recognized by EU regulation. |
| European Cooperative Society | |
| European Economic Interest Grouping | A legal entity designed to facilitate cooperation between companies in various countries and to create the framework for participating in EU programmes. |
| European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation | A form of cooperation with legal personality including local or regional authorities, created to perform certain specified functions. |
| Europeran Cooperative | A form of cooperative governed by an EU-wide set of rules in the member states. |
| examination of an application | The process of detailed analysis ascertaining that the invention fulfils the criteria of novelty, genuineness and usefulness. |
| expiration of the patent protection | A patent is not perpetual but granted for a definite term which varies, depending on the jurisdiction and the type of protection. |
| false imprisonment | The unlawful attempt to intentionally restrain another person in their personal freedoms without having apparent authority to do so. It may include physical confinement or using physiological means to achieve the same. The same also constitutes a crime. |
| federation | An organization of groups with a strong central authority and limited degree of internal autonomy of the smaller divisions. |
| fetus | |
| fiduciary | An entity which holds property or assets for another party, often with the legal authority and duty to dispose of such property, being bound by very strict obligation |
| forest management association | A special form of business entity organized to perform forest management and other related activities on a land classified as a forest. |
| foundation | An organization established to promote the specific activity specified in its charter. |
| foundation | |
| freedom of conscience | |
| general partnership | A partnership where the partners are involved in the conducting of the business and they have joint and unlimited liability for the obligations of their business. |
| genuine | |
| geographical indication | The name or sign used on certain products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin. |
| granting the patent | After the thorough examination of the patent, the patentee will be granted protection to prevent others from utilizing the invention without the patent owner’s permission |
| guardian | A person, either judicially appointed or otherwise, who has the responsibility for the care of a minor or the property of a minor or both. |
| guardian ad litem | A person, either judicially appointed or otherwise, who has the responsibility for the care of a minor or the property of a minor or both |
| guardianship | |
| Guardianship Authority | |
| guardianship order | |
| health | |
| housing association | |
| human being | |
| Hungarian Patent Office | |
| imposing public fines | |
| improvement | Intellectual property developed while using an existing intellectual property or is directly related to the claims of a basic patent. |
| incompetence | |
| incompetent | Inadequate to or unsuitable for a particular purpose. In legal terms it can refer to someone who’s not able to take part in a trial. |
| industrial design | |
| industrial property | A collective term used for trademarks and patents as opposed to copyright. |
| infancy | |
| infantantonym synonym | |
| infliction of bodily harm | Any action directed at restricting persons in their free exercise of religion or other belief. The civil rights of none shall be abridged on account of religious belief or worship in any pretext. |
| infringement | |
| infringement of rights against negative discrimination | |
| infringement of the right of conscience | |
| inherent rightsantonym synonym | |
| intangible property | Property that does not take physical form to fulfil its purpose |
| integrated circuit | |
| intellectual property | |
| intellectual property law | Property created by the human mind, to be protected against unlawful use. |
| intellectual property rights | The right of the author for the protection of his/her intellectual property used by other members of society. Due to their importance, these rights are extensively dealt with separately by the field referred to as IP law. |
| interest grouping | A legal entity organized by its members for coordinating their business activities and representing their interests. The members are liable for its debts in excess of its assets. |
| invention | |
| inventor | A person who discovers a new technological process or technical device, and claims the right thereto. |
| IP Transfer Agreement | |
| Judgement enforcer's Office | A business entity specialized in judgment enforcement, whose activities are controlled by specific legal rules. |
| judicial determination of infringement | The persons whose personal rights are infringed may request the court only to determine that such infringement has taken place, without any further legal consequences. |
| judicial determination of presumptive death | |
| know-how | |
| lack of capacity | Status of persons adjudicated mentally incompetent, who cannot be expected to know the consequences of their actions. |
| legal capacity | A person's ability to enter into a contract by his/her own actions. |
| legal capacity | A generally used term denoting the ability of a person to legally enter into a valid contract without the need to be ratified by any other person |
| legal declaration of presumptive death | |
| legal entity | An artificial person to whom so called legal personality is bestowed by statutes. Fictitious persons so created may own property and have certain rights established by law, and may sue or be sued. |
| legal incapacity | |
| legal person | A person or entity which may have rights and assume obligations. |
| legal personality | The quality of being a person with all consequences, such as being subject to rights and obligations. It includes being a natural person or any other entity vested with the status of a fictitious person. |
| legal protection of the person | |
| legal representative | |
| Legal standing | The right to bring claims before a court or other authority because such person is authorized to act and/or also has an interest in the matter. |
| legal standing to sue or to be sued | The situation when a person is capable of assuming a position as a party in a lawsuit either as plaintiff or defendant. Sometimes also known as capacity to sue. |
| Legal status | A person's legal position as regards his/her rights and abilities to act in a certain way. |
| libel | The written form of defamatory statements. It is communication in any form of writing. |
| licence | |
| Licence Agreement | A contract that grants a license in return for a royalty payment permitting a company to market or produce a product or service owned by another company. |
| licencee | |
| License Agreement | A contract under which a license owner (the licensor) allows the licensee to use his products in return for royalties or other form of compensation. |
| licensee | A person or entity to whom a license has been granted to use the intellectual property of |
| licensor | |
| limited liability company | A business combining the elements of a partnership and those of a corporation. The liability of the members are limited to their contribution. |
| limited partnership | A partnership in which some partners have limited, while others have unlimited liability. |
| live birth | |
| mail secret | |
| make a legal statement | |
| make contract in its own name | |
| mask protection | |
| mask work | The two or three-dimensional layout or topography of an integrated circuit (IC or chip) specifying the arrangement of semi-conductor devices on such chip |
| mentally incompetent | |
| minorantonym synonym | Person who, according to the law of their respective country, is under the age of majority, i.e. is not yet entitled to exercise specific civil and political rights. |
| misrepresentation of age | |
| missing person | |
| movies | A motion picture with a story recorded by a camera as a set of moving images and shown in a movie theatre or on television. |
| multimedia production | Combination of sound, text and images in a digital format, made accessible by a computer program. |
| municipality | |
| musical composition | A piece of music composed by authors which may be reproduced using musical notation or from memory. |
| name similar to that of someone else | |
| national protection | |
| natural person | A human being as distinguished rom an artificial person established by statute. |
| necessities of life | |
| negative discrimination | A collection of various factual situations, including direct or indirect negative discrimination, as well as harassment, illegal segregation and retaliation. |
| neighbouring rights | Rights neighbouring to copyright, created for people who are technically not authors, such as performing artists, producers of musical composition or otherwise involved in broadcasting. |
| non-obvious | |
| non-profit companyantonym | A form of business entity, where the incorporators may not distribute the profit among themselves but use it for purposes of public benefit. |
| novel | |
| novelty | |
| office of the judgment enforcer | |
| original work | |
| patent | Exclusive rights granted by a state to an inventor for a limited period of time, in exchange for public disclosure of an invention. |
| patent abstract | A concise summary of an invention, containing the essential features on a separate piece of paper, beginning with the title of the invention that appears in the specifications, all in an abridged version. |
| patent application | An inventor who files an application to the relevant patent office to obtain protection for the invention in question. |
| patent application | A document submitted to a patent office for the grant of a protection called a patent for an invention described therein. |
| patent attorney | A person specialized in representing clients in obtaining patents and aiding the process related to patent law. |
| patent claims | The part of a patent which defines the boundaries of patent protection. It defines the scope of the invention and the legal protection conferred by the patent when granted. |
| patent description | The part which immediately follows the title. It contains detailed description of the invention, which includes all relevant information in a sufficiently clear manner. |
| patent examiner | An official with technical expertise charged with the task of classifying a patent or an application, or determining whether a patent application fulfils the requirements for a grant of patent. |
| Patent Office | |
| patent owner | |
| patent pending | |
| patent prosecution | The process of negotiating with a patent office for the grant of a patent, and interaction with a patent office with regard to a patent after it has been granted. |
| patent protection | |
| patent search | A review of existing patents to determine whether an applicant can claim rights to an invention or whether a patent has already been issued to someone else for the same or a similar invention. |
| patent violation | Third-party use of a patent without the legal permission of the patent owner. |
| patentability | |
| patentable | |
| patentee | A person or entity to whom patent protection is granted for a certain period of time. |
| permissible use | |
| person exposed to the public | |
| person of legal age | |
| person presumed dead | |
| personal identification card | A personal document that proves identification when necessary. |
| personal rights | |
| personal safety | |
| physical integrity | The right or state of being unharmed by any outside influence |
| piracy | Generally refers to the wilful infringement of a patent or copyright. |
| placing under guardianship | |
| plagiarism | The unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author, without giving credit to the author. |
| plant species | |
| plant variety protection | The protection of IP rights related to new plant species created by deliberate breeding efforts to produce types with the desired characteristics. |
| political party | A group of people sharing the same view as to how to govern a state. It is organized to gain political power through elections. |
| portrait | |
| privacy | Privacy nowadays does not mean only the "right to be left alone" or to protect one's private sphere, as it is above all the right to be in control of how one's personal data are used and moved about. Personal information is actually the key commodity in today's information society. The right to privacy and the right to the protection of personal data are fundamental human rights and relate directly to the protection of human dignity, as also enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. |
| private home | |
| privately traded company limited by shares | |
| production of generic products | After expiration of the patent protection period, other producers may utilize the patent for the production of so called "generic products" without committing an infringement. |
| products of authorship | Any product of authorship, such as poems, novels, writings or other products of poetry or prose. |
| prohibition against negative discrimination | |
| proprietary information | |
| Prosecution Service | |
| protection | |
| protection of human dignity | |
| protection of personal data | |
| protection of physical soundness | |
| protection of voice recording | |
| protection period | |
| public announcement in the gazette | |
| Public Benefit Company | A corporation registered by a state for the purpose of performing some activity that is beneficial to the public. |
| public body | An organization with self-government and membership, the establishment of which is required by law. It is non-existent in common law countries but is present in most civil law jurisdictions. |
| public body | |
| public fine | |
| public foundation | |
| public performance | An activity that is open to the general public and to which any person has access without charging a fee for attendance. |
| public waterworks association | |
| recification of the wrong by the infringer | The aggrieved party may demand that the infringer issue a retraction and an apology or satisfy the infringed upon party by some other acceptable means in such a way that the above actions receive the necessary public notice. |
| register | Register is an official list of data stored, which is open to public inspection. Data therein is deemed true and correct. |
| Registered Patent Agent | A specialist licensed to prepare and file patent applications as a profession. |
| registration | Registration is the process by which the title of ownership passes from Seller to Buyer. It is the system of registering at local offices of the Land Registry certain legal estates or interests in land. Most transactions in land, especially transfer of ownership and mortgage trigger registration by the new owner. |
| registration pending | |
| related rightsantonym | |
| religious affiliation | |
| religious organization | An organization that pursues religious activities in churches, denominations or congregations of various faiths or beliefs. |
| representation | A statement made by one contracting party to the other concerning a fact or circumstance in order to induce the other into a contract. |
| representative | A person who stands for or acts on behalf of another in various capacities, such as in litigation, corporate, labour or probate settings. |
| reproduction | Any performance of a work at a place where the public is or can be present; or at a place not open to the public but where a substantial number of persons outside the normal circle of a family and its close acquaintances is present. |
| reputation | |
| reputation | |
| request for courtesy | |
| reverse engineeringantonym | |
| right of broadcast | |
| right of broadcasting | The transmission for public reception of sounds, or of images and sounds, by wireless means, whether by radio, television, satellite, webcasting or streaming media. |
| right of conscience | Freedom of conscience allows persons to freely determine their political or religious affiliations, as well as the right to express their opinion in various areas of life. |
| right of integrity | |
| right to a name | All persons have the right to have their own name, which is distinguishable from that of others. Publicly exposed persons may act under an assumed name, provided that it does not infringe upon another’s right or lawful interest. |
| right to mail secrecy | may not be impinged upon. This rights is also called ancient lights in English law. |
| right to person's image or voice recording | Everyone has the right against unlawful intrusion or use of one's image or voice without consent. However, this right can be overridden in circumstances where the use is for protection of the public good or individual rights. |
| right to privacy | The right of an individual to enjoy private and family life, and a certain degree of anonymity in social life, where applicable. |
| right to reputation | Every man and woman has the right to reputation. This extends to all statements about the person that may have an adverse effect on public opinion and create a negative image of such person. |
| right to secrecy | |
| rights against unreasonable search & seizure | The right of persons to be secure in their persons and homes without any interference, disturbance or intrusion by anyone. |
| rights attached to persons | |
| rights attaching to natural persons | |
| Rome Convention | |
| royalty | |
| royalty-free | |
| sequestration | Holding a property pending final judicial decision of its ownership and possession. |
| service mark | A special type of trademark used in some countries to identify a service rather than a product. |
| similarity | |
| slander | Malicious and false statement by a person communicated orally. |
| social security card | A document used for proving eligibility for social security services. |
| sole proprietor | Form of doing business as an independent contractor, consultant or a freelancer in various fields. |
| specifications | |
| specifications | It includes a detailed description of the invention, specifying the aspects of the invention for which protection is sought, and the extent of protection being sought. |
| sports federation | |
| sports league | sports. |
| state as subject at law | The state acts as a separate entity in several aspects. The state has rights and obligations and even legal standing to sue or to be sued under certain circumstances. |
| state-owned company | |
| statement | Simple expression or recital of facts not being sworn to, and context without special legal consequences. |
| subsidiary | A legal entity which is affiliated with and controlled by a mother company. |
| temporary insanity | |
| tenderer's statement | |
| testamentary capacity | The right to make a testamentary disposition is a privilege granted by the legislature to those who fulfil certain requirements such as being of sound mind and of legal age. |
| third party rights | |
| topography of semiconductorssynonym | |
| trade dress | The totality of the visual elements marking the overall appearance of a product or its packaging that makes it recognisable. |
| trade names | Names of firms to distinguish themselves from other enterprises. |
| trade union | An organization formed by employees of company or business sector to protect, promote and represent the interests, negotiate wages and work conditions. |
| trademark | A distinctive sign used to identify the marked products and to distinguish them from those of other entities. |
| trademark description | The specification of a trademark, including the specific design that makes the trademark distinguishable from other trademarks. |
| trademark publication | The document which initiates the process for ensuring the exclusive use of a trademark. If there is opposition, the relevant authority will issue a notice of allowance. |
| translations rights | Rights related to literary or audio-visual works in a language other than that of the original version. |
| tread upon social interest | |
| unborn child | A foetus already conceived but not yet born at the date in question. |
| unilaterally beneficial contract | |
| unlisted phone number | |
| US Patent and Trademark Office | |
| utility model | |
| utility patent | |
| violation of freedom of conscience | Every person has constitutional rights to bodily and psychological wholeness, including the right to health care, the prohibition of torture and capital punishment. |
| violation of home sanctuary | |
| violation of human dignity | As a human being, everyone has the right to be treated accordingly, which implies the prohibition of torture, inhumane punishment, humiliating treatment, and any similar conduct. |
| violation of mail privacy | The opening of a closed envelope or package intended for another person with the purpose of learning its contents. |
| violation of privacy | The violation of the right to privacy, including the abuse of images taken of a person or a sound recording containing his/her voice. |
| violation of the right to a name | The name of a person must be distinguishable from those which have earlier been registered, especially operating in a similar field. Using another’s name or unlawfully using a name which is significantly similar to one that is used by another. A person pursuing scientific, literary, artistic or other activity – especially if his name can be confused with one that has been used previously by another pursuing a similar activity – must, at the request of the other party, alter their own name to such a degree that it is going to be distinguishable. |
| violation of trade secret | The unauthorised disclosure of information not intended to be revealed because it is meant to be used only for the business purposes of its owner. |
| voice recording | |
| ward | |
| water management association | A business entity established to perform various water management functions in a certain geographical area. |
| work for hire | |
| work for hire contract | A contract for creating work as an employee as part of his/ her job or as agent on behalf of a client. Under this contract the parties agree that the employer and not the creator of the work is considered the legal author. |
| work of art | |
